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The demise of brick-and-mortar retail may be capturing the news, but despite the Amazon effect, some companies are still thriving. Even as Amazon’s entry into the retail pharmacy business becomes real, CVS Health is not just looking to survive, but to grow. In May 2018, CVS made progress regarding its $69 billion acquisition of Aetna Inc., an American health insurance company. In June 2018, millions of dollars worth of shares were reportedly bought by companies such as Personal Resources Investment & Strategic Management Inc., with 23,629 shares, CapWealth Advisors LLC, with 23,629 shares, and Sentry Investments Corp., with 153,800 shares—according to the latest SEC filings.
Shares of both CVS Health and Aetna rose on July 11, 2018, following a report that the Department of Justice will not challenge their merger. Bloomberg reported the news first, citing the trade publication Reorg Research.
On Aug. 8, 2018, CVS reported second-quarter earnings with net revenues of $46.7 billion, up 2.2% from the same quarter last year.
Key Takeaways
- CVS Health generates most of its revenue from its pharmacy division, which accounts for over 67% and includes both prescription services and sales of general goods typically found in drugstores.
- The company also provides pharmacy benefit management services through its Caremark division, handling prescription pricing and claims processing in collaboration with drug manufacturers.
- CVS’s specialty department manages the distribution of high-cost, life-saving drugs for rare conditions and offers services like home infusions through its Coram subsidiary.
- CVS’s acquisition of Aetna, a major health insurance company, highlights its strategic move to expand beyond traditional retail and into the broader healthcare sector.
- With over 9,900 retail locations nationwide, CVS Health continues to thrive in the competitive health services market, adapting to changes and consumer needs despite challenges from online retailers like Amazon.
CVS Health: A Historical Overview
CVS Health Corp (CVS) (originally Consumer Value Stores) can trace its lineage to 1963, a value store founded by brothers Stanley and Sidney Goldstein and partner Ralph Hoagland. The company did well and expanded over the next few years until it was acquired by Melville Corporation, a general merchandiser, in 1969. By the mid-1990s, the corporation now known as CVS had sold off all its units, excluding the lucrative pharmacy operations. Shortly thereafter, it began acquiring rival chains—Eckerd, Osco, Sav-On, and Longs. Today, CVS has over 9,900 retail locations, operating in 49 U.S. states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico. The company employs over 300,000 people.
For accounting purposes, CVS maintains four business divisions. In decreasing order of size, those are pharmacy, retail, health care benefit, and corporate/other. According to the company’s 2021 year-end filing, revenue totaled $292 billion.
CVS’s Expansive Pharmacy Operations
CVS’s pharmacy division is responsible for more than 67% of its revenue. The term “pharmacy” in this context is a little misleading, and this particular sector of the business should probably best be styled “retail.” It includes not only dispensing prescriptions and administering flu shots, but all the convenience/sundry sales normally associated with visits to the drugstore; everything from candy and cookies to “As Seen on TV” novelties like Snuggies and Slap Chops.
CVS’s medical clinic operations, branded “MinuteClinic,” include 1,100 retail clinics in 33 states. CVS entered this industry relatively late but has already become the market leader.
Understanding CVS’s Pharmacy Benefit Management
Pharmacy benefit management is the part of CVS’s business that processes prescription claims. Known by the name Caremark, it is distinct from CVS’s pharmacy operations in that the former is a high-volume operator that deals directly with drug manufacturers, setting prices, handling mail orders, etc. In other words, all the intangible administrative stuff that seems to define advanced economies in the early 21st century.
Finally, CVS’s specialty department handles the high-end, complex, life-sustaining, and expensive drugs that operate on low volume but gigantic prices. For every 1,000 patients who need a commonplace Paxil or Xanax prescription, there are one or two who require a $6,000 vial of Soliris to stimulate the creation of red blood cells and keep themselves alive. Because such drugs are so rare, costly, and specialized, they necessitate a CVS department unto themselves. Subdivisions of CVS’s specialty business include Accordant, which offers an insurance-paid care program to patients who suffer from any of 17 specific serious conditions (e.g., hemophilia, cystic fibrosis); Coram, whose nurses will come to your house and infuse your veins to help treat hemophilia, chronic congestive heart failure, etc.; and Novologix, which makes and maintains claims software. Almost five million people a day patronize CVS stores, and Coram serves more than 45,000 patients every month.
CVS earns so much revenue from so many sources that it could remove a high-margin item like tobacco from its stores, a measure undertaken at least primarily for public relations, and suffer no lasting damage. Granted, idealism only goes so far before butting heads with pragmatism. The company has not announced any plans to stop selling beer and wine.
The Bottom Line of the CVS Business Model
Everything from anxiety to restless legs syndrome now has a corresponding pill or injection to alleviate or eradicate the symptoms, and companies like CVS are at the forefront of getting those drugs to users. With the number of medical conditions being newly identified consistently outpacing those being eradicated, the amount of money spent on pharmaceuticals will likely increase—a development that should be resonant music to CVS shareholders.
